Estimate quantities in a real-world situation and explain (orally and in
writing) the estimation strategy.
Justify (orally) why it is unreasonable to have an exact answer for a
situation that involves estimation, and critique (orally) different estimates.
Make simplifying assumptions and determine what information is needed
to solve a Fermi problem about distance, volume, or surface area.
Apply reasoning about percentages and equivalent ratios to analyze and
approximate characteristics of the world’s population.
Generate (orally and in writing) mathematical questions about the world’s
population, e.g., “How many people . . . ?”
Present (using words and other representations) a comparison that uses
the number of students in the class to represent the proportion of the
world’s population with a particular characteristic
Coordinate diagrams and expressions involving equivalent fractions.
Interpret and create diagrams involving a rectangle decomposed into
squares.
Recognize that decomposing rectangles into squares is a geometric way to determine the greatest common factor of two numbers. 
Apply reasoning about ratios and percentages to analyze (orally and in
writing) voting situations involving two choices.
Comprehend the terms “majority” and “supermajority” (in spoken and
written language).
Critique (using words and other representations) a statement regarding the results of a vote. 
Apply reasoning about ratios and percentages to analyze (orally and in
writing) voting situations involving more than two choices.
Choose and justify (orally) which voting system seems the fairest for
dealing with more than two choices.
Compare and contrast (orally and in writing) different voting systems for
dealing with more than two choices. 
Compare and contrast the density of uniformly distributed dots in
squares.
Create an equation and a graph that represent the proportional
relationship between the area of a square and the number of dots
enclosed by the square.
Interpret the constant of proportionality in models of housing per square kilometer or population of people per square kilometer. 
Compare and contrast different ways to distribute representatives, and
recognize that changing the way the votes are grouped can affect the
outcome.
Critique (orally and in writing) whether a method for distributing
representatives is fair.
Suggest a method for distributing representatives and justify why it is fair.