The Deduction Discovery: An Introduction to Formal Logic

Day 1 - Introduction to Formal Logic:
In our first class, we will dive into the intriguing realm of formal logic. We'll begin by understanding the distinction between formal and informal logic, exploring how formal logic provides a structured approach to reasoning. Next, we'll grasp the differences between deductive and inductive reasoning, learning when each is most appropriate. Moving forward, we will delve into categorical and propositional logic, comprehending how they help us analyze statements and draw logical conclusions. Lastly, we will explore the three vital acts of the mind: simple apprehension, judgment, and inference, which form the backbone of logical thinking. Through interactive discussions and examples, you will develop a clear understanding of these foundational concepts.

Day 2 - Propositions and Their Relationships:
On our second day, we will focus on propositions and their relationships. You will learn a practical five-step process to translate arguments into categorical form, enabling you to assess and analyze arguments effectively. We will explore the relationships of opposition between categorical propositions, understanding how they relate to each other.  Throughout the class, we will work through real-life scenarios, ensuring you gain hands-on experience in dealing with propositions.

Day 3 - Relationships of Opposition and Equivalence:
Our third class will focus on relationships of opposition and equivalence. We will learn about the Square of Opposition, then on to contradiction.  We will learn some fun terms like: contrariety and subcontrariety, and subimplication and superimplication.  Next we cover logical equations where we learn about the obverse and converse relationships. We will finish with The Relationship of Contraposition.  

Day 4 - Categorical Syllogism & Validity:
Our final class will center around the powerful tool of categorical syllogism. We'll learn how to arrange syllogisms step-by-step, allowing us to structure logical arguments convincingly. You will become acquainted with enthymemes, which are arguments with unstated premises or conclusions, and learn how to identify and complete them accurately. To evaluate the validity of syllogisms, we will master four essential rules that help us assess arguments with confidence. Additionally, we'll introduce diagramming techniques to visually establish the validity of syllogisms, making logical reasoning even more accessible.

Throughout the course, explanations will be provided in a practical, easy-to-follow manner, ensuring that each concept is fully understood. Interactive discussions, real-world examples, and hands-on activities will be incorporated to help reinforce your understanding and application of formal logic. We look forward to embarking on this discovery of deduction together, equipping you with invaluable tools for critical thinking and logical analysis.