Students enrich their knowledge of biology by exploring the topics in the areas of evolution, cellular processes, cellular energy and communication, genetics, information transfer, ecology, and interactions. This AP Biology course is organized based on AP Biology College Board guidelines into units of study that provide suggested materials and sequence for the course content. These units consist of the content and skills colleges and universities typically require students to master to qualify for college credit and/or placement. Topics covered in the course in addition to what was discussed earlier include the chemistry of life, cells and cell energetics, heredity, molecular genetics, evolution, diversity of organisms, structure, and function of both plants and animals, and ecology. 

** Students attending this course should have successfully completed some high school courses in biology and chemistry. I expect to see more senior high learners in this class.**

Also, learners enrolled in this course will receive a free electronic copy of Barron's AP Biology 2022-2023, which includes 5-full length practice tests with detailed answer explanations; online practice with the timed test option and scoring; comprehensive review and practice for all topics of the exam; expert tips plus Barron's "Essential 5' things you need to know. 

Following is the content of the course and a brief description of each:
I)  Evolution - In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.
II) Cellular Energetics - Biological systems use energy and molecular building blocks to grow, reproduce, and maintain dynamic homeostasis. This section focused on a branch of biological mechanisms that deals primarily with energy and its transformations.
III) Information Storage and Transmission - Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. Learners study the core concepts of biological information, including the genome, the manner in which the information it contains is encoded and translated, and the mechanisms by which it is transmitted and maintained across generations. IV) Systems Interactions - Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions exhibit complex properties.

The subject and description of the eight classes, which take place once a week, are as follows:

Week One: Chemistry of Life - The chemistry of life begins with the basic principles of bond formation and bond breaking, and the nature of the different compounds formed.

Week Two: Cell structure and function - Cells provide structure and support to the body of an organism. The cell interior is organized into different individual organelles surrounded by a separate membrane. 

Week Three: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function - Evolution of Animal Size and Shape, Hierarchical Organization of Body Plans, Exploring Structure and Function in Animal Tissues, Feedback control maintains the internal environment in many animals, Homeostasis, Thermoregulation.

Week Four: Basic Principles of Plant Form and Function: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development - Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissues, Water-Conducting Cells of the Xylem, Sugar-Conducting Cells of the Phloem, Growth, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation produce the plant body.

Week Five: Cellular energetics - Cellular respiration includes the source and fate of the reactants and products. Structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Metabolism of sugar to carbon dioxide and water in mitochondria and production of sugar and oxygen gas in chloroplasts.

Week Six: Cell communication and cell cycle - Cellular communication is a stepwise process that involves the generation of an extrinsic signal, detection of the signal by a receptor, transduction of the signal by intracellular signaling molecules, and a cellular response

Week Seven: Heredity - It refers to the genetic heritage passed down by our biological parents. Introduction to genetics, heredity, and variation. Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next. Gregor Mendel's experiments, pedigree model, DNA structure, and synthesis.

Week Eight: Gene expression and regulation - Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that act to induce or repress the expression of a gene. These include structural and chemical changes to the genetic material, binding of proteins to specific DNA elements to regulate transcription, or mechanisms that modulate the translation of mRNA.

Week Nine: Evolution and Natural selection - Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways.

Week Ten: Ecology - Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them.