Objective sheets and Assessment Tools are sent at the beginning of each week in the form of graphic organizers, Kahoot quiz code, and writing passages for caregivers' use.

Topics, biographies and vocabulary terms are aligned with the National Standards for History (https://phi.history.ucla.edu/nchs/world-history-content-standards), National Social Studies Standards (https://www.socialstudies.org) and Common Core English Language Arts Standards (http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy).

() The Industrial Revolution
Tolkien biography from 1892 until 1914 as economic and social conditions shifted in the early 20th-century: urbanization (changing communities and employment expectations; living conditions); key Ideas and inventions (1790 - 1860s); working conditions (textile mills; coal mines); spread of industrialization and colonialization; British Empire in 1900; environmental Impacts on Industrialization 

() World War I
Causes of World War I and Tolkien biography from 1914 until 1918 in relation to his experience: The Myth of Progress (ideas and innovations of the late 19th and early 20th century); causes of the Great War (militarism, nationalism, alliances, and imperialism); battlefield (trench, no-man's-land, weapons); Battle of Somme (combat as see first-hand by Tolkien); Armistice (Hundred Day Defensive, red poppy remembrance) 
 
() The Interwar Years
Post-war years' political ideology, revolutions and struggles from the World War I armistice through the Great Depression as related to Tolkien's life from 1918 - 1938: end of the Great War (Russian revolutions; RMS Lusitania; 'Spanish Flu'; Kiel Mutiny); treaties (peace conditions and implications); post World War I conditions (physical; economically; socially); political Ideology (fascism; communism as interrupted by Lenin and Stalin; liberal democracy); Roaring Twenties and Depression Era in Europe

() The Writing and Revision of Lord of the Rings
Tolkien biography from 1937 to 1973 in which the Hobbit was published and the writing of The Lord of the Rings around which World War II occurred; 'applicability' (for which Tolkien compared his writing) is discussed: pre-war conditions (League of Nations; Hitler's expansion of territory; appeasement v. confrontation; Kristallnacht); applicability not allegorical discussion (definitions; compare and contrast; view of Tolkien's writing in relationship with World War II); literary influences and major themes (medieval texts including Beowulf; ordinary people called to great duties; significant of sacraments and anti-sacraments in text; struggle for good and evil); World War II (including but not limited to: Non-Aggression Pact; the invasion of Poland; Dunkirk; Battle of Britain; D-Day; Battle of the Bulge); progress and publication of The Lord of the Rings (cease of writing for extended periods; Tolkien's personal expectations for the work)

I am a graduate of Charleston Southern University with a Bachelors in Elementary Education and History and currently am certificated in Elementary, Early Childhood, and Early Childhood Special Education. As a member of Learning for Justice, I am up-to-date on current issues and best teaching practices in order to align my classroom for the goal of to inform accurate details in a fun learning environment where children and youth feel respected, valued and welcome participants.

Professional Development Webinars Include: 
() Prejudice Reduction and Collective Action: Integrating the Anti-Bias Framework into All Disciplines (Rights & Activism / Instruction)
() Equity Matters: Confronting Implicit Bias (Bullying & Bias / School Climate)
() How Does a Government Create an Environment That Can Lead to Genocide? (Human Rights / Anti-Racism)
() Educating for Hope: Human Rights Education & Trauma Informed Instruction (Human Rights / Anti Racism)
() Race Relations on Intrepid Post World War II (Human Rights / Anti Racism)

Websites

Adams, Terry. "Nationalism: A New Prejudice." (roundersandrogues.wordpress.com) 
Bellis, Mary. "The Most Important Inventions of the 19th Century." ThoughtCo, 2020. (thoughtco.com/inventions) 
British Colonialism and Imperialism in East Africa, 4 February 2015. (empiresandcolonialism.wordpress.com) 
British History Online. Economic and Social History: Industry and Trade, 1880-1960. (www.british-history.ac.uk) 
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 1918 Pandemic Influenza Historic Timeline. (cdc.gov/flu)
History.com Editors. "Battle of Amiens." (history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-amiens)
Ilverai. "Allegory, No! Applicability, Yes!" (literature.stackexchange.com/questions/1016/if-tolkien-disliked-allegory-why-are-there-so-many-allegorical-readings-of-the)
Jewish Virtual Library (jewishvirtuallibrary.org) 
Klaasen, Elisa Lee. "Tolkien's Tribute to England and its Roots in Beowulf." Olivet Nazarene University, 2019.
Lord of the Rings Wiki (lotr.fandom.com) 
Pruitt, Sarah. "The WWI Origins of the Poppy as a Remembrance Symbol." (history.com) 
Ray, Michael. "Weapons of WWI." (britannica.com) 
This Day In History, History Channel. A&E Television Networks (history.com/this-day-in-history)
Tolkien Gateway (tolkiengateway.net) 


Articles and Books:

Black, Edwin. War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, 2012. Kindle Edition. 
Carpenter, Humphrey. J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography, 1982. HMH Books. Kindle Edition. 
Gerwarth, Robert. The Vanquished: Why World War I Failed to End War, 2016. Penguin Books. 
Kershaw, Ian. To Hell and Back: 1914 - 1949 Europe, 2015. Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. 
Llewellyn, Jennifer & Thomson, Steve. Nationalism as a Cause of World War I, 2020. Alpha History.
Loconte, Joseph. A Hobbit, a Wardrobe, and a Great War, 2015. Kindle Edition. 
Manni, Franco & Bonechi, Simone. The Complexity of Tolkien's Attitude Towards the Second World War, 2005. 
Shippey, Tom, The Road to Middle-Earth, 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Virginia Country History London. History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7, the City of Birmingham, 1964.