Previous Knowledge Required: a working knowledge of English parts of speech and how the parts relate to Latin cases; 1st/2nd/3rd (including i-stems) nouns and 1st/2nd/3rd adjectives (declensions and how to use the cases); 1st/2nd /3rd/4th and esse/posse verb conjugations in the Present Active System (present, future, imperfect), the Perfect Active System (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), the Present Passive System (present, future, imperfect), & the Perfect Passive System (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect); rudimentary vocabulary including common conjunctions and prepositions; demonstrative pronouns (hic/ille/iste and idem), personal pronouns (ego/nos, etc), reflexive & intensive pronouns/adjectives, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns/adjectives, Roman numerals (including the genitive of the whole), and the ablative types. You'll need to be familiar with parsing sentences, have some ability to sight-read & recognize root words, and the ability to write your own short, basic sentences in Latin.

In this class, students are introduced to 4th declension nouns, and two more ablative types. Students are taught to be thorough and accurate regarding Latin grammar and syntax at this stage in learning. However, there are some liberties in translating allowed because as we are discovering: Latin words have uses, not meanings. There can be multiple pages of definitions/uses in a proper Latin dictionary, and it all depends on the context of the sentence or passage. We will be delving into dictionary work and how to utilize what students already know to make their translations more elegant.

This is a very interactive class. We do repetitions, drills, and sight reading. We discuss Roman culture, linguistics, and how Latin still affects many modern languages. I always create a slide show for visual representation. Education is a conversation, and your voice is valued. Please feel free to share ideas, comments, and ask questions!

No 3rd party accounts are necessary. We do use the free online resource (Latin Wiktionary) as our dictionary and case-checker!

Nota Bene #1: Students should have a dedicated notebook (or a digital one, if they prefer taking notes on the computer) in order to take notes, write their vocabulary, and make declension and conjugation charts. I reserve the right to modify the lesson content according to the student's needs.

Nota Bene #2: If this is your first Latin class with me, I'll send a vocabulary list prior to class so you may refer to it during class. If you're one of my regular Latin students, you already have this, so please bring it to class!