Big Idea 1: Objects and systems have properties such as mass and charge. Systems may have internal structures.
Big Idea 2: Fields existing in space can be used to explain interactions.
Big Idea 3: The interactions of an object with other objects can be described by forces.
Big Idea 4: Interactions between systems can result in changes in those systems.
Enduring Understanding 1.A: Electric charge is a property of an object or system that affects its interactions with other objects or systems containing charge.
Enduring Understanding 2.C: Changes in systems can be quantified. Some systems can achieve a stable equilibrium through negative feedback, allowing them to maintain stable properties.
Enduring Understanding 4.A: The energy of a system is conserved.
Learning Objective 5.1: The student is able to use Newton’s law of universal gravitation to calculate the gravitational force exerted on one object by another object.
Learning Objective 5.2: The student is able to use reasoning based on evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.
Learning Objective 5.3: The student is able to use Newton’s law of universal gravitation and the centripetal force requirement to solve problems involving gravitational and circular motion principles.
Learning Objective 5.4: The student is able to use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy to calculate the mechanical energy of a system and analyze conservation of mechanical energy in interactions involving conservative forces.
Learning Objective 5.5: The student is able to analyze a scenario and make claims about the relationship between the gravitational force exerted on an object, the mass of the object, and the gravitational field at the object’s location.
Learning Objective 5.6: The student is able to use the principle of conservation of linear momentum to solve problems involving the collision of two objects.
Learning Objective 5.7: The student is able to construct and analyze a simple qualitative model of the relationship between the net force exerted on an object, the mass of the object, and the object’s acceleration.
Learning Objective 5.8: The student is able to design an experiment to determine the relationships among the force exerted on an object, the mass of the object, and the object’s acceleration.
Learning Objective 5.9: The student is able to use mathematics to describe the forces exerted on an object and the resultant motion of the object.
Learning Objective 5.10: The student is able to use free-body diagrams with component vectors to analyze physical situations.
Learning Objective 5.11: The student is able to rearrange algebraic expressions into alternative forms using the properties of vectors and to determine components of vectors.
Learning Objective 5.12: The student is able to use mathematical routines to calculate the magnitude of the vector sum of two or more vectors and to solve problems involving vector addition in two dimensions.
Learning Objective 5.13: The student is able to use mathematical routines to calculate the components of a vector.
Learning Objective 5.14: The student is able to use vector representations to analyze and predict the magnitude and direction of the momentum of an object.
Learning Objective 5.15: The student is able to use mathematical routines to determine the magnitude and direction of the momentum of an object.
Learning Objective 5.16: The student is able to analyze experimental data to identify patterns or relationships that indicate a relationship between the net force exerted on an object, its mass, and its acceleration.
Learning Objective 5.17: The student is able to design an experiment to verify that a net external force is required to change the velocity of a system.
Learning Objective 5.18: The student is able to analyze experimental data to identify whether a system experiences an external net force.
Learning Objective 5.19: The student is able to design an investigation to explore the effects of net external forces on objects or systems in linear motion.
Learning Objective 5.20: The student is able to use free-body force diagrams, equations of motion, Newton’s laws, and the principle of linear momentum conservation to predict changes to the motion of an object or system.